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Electronic Money Institution (EMI)

Content about Electronic Money Institution (EMIs) and how high-risk merchants (iGaming/betting, FX/CFD, crypto/VASP, adult, nutraceuticals, travel, subscriptions) can use them for payments and banking-like rails. We cover:

  • Licensing & supervision: EU/UK regimes (EMD/PSD, FCA), passporting vs. local authorization, fit-and-proper, governance, outsourcing and agent networks.

  • Safeguarding & operations: client-money segregation, safeguarding accounts at credit institutions, daily reconciliations, audit requirements, and what EMIs can/can’t do (no deposit-taking/ lending).

  • Products for merchants: IBAN/virtual IBANs, e-money accounts, FX and multi-currency wallets, SEPA/SEPA Instant, Faster Payments, SWIFT payouts, card issuing/program management, and payout orchestration.

  • Onboarding/risk: KYB/KYC tiers, EDD for high-risk, AML/KYT, sanctions/geofencing, transaction limits/velocity, source-of-funds/wealth checks, and monitoring rules aligned to acquirer/PSP policies.

  • Integration: APIs (payments, payouts, reconciliation), webhooks, statement files, settlement timing, and chargeback/refund differences vs. cards.

  • Market notes: popular EMI hubs (e.g., EU/EEA & UK), typical partner stacks (EMI + acquirer + gateway/orchestrator).

Authoritative outbound resources about Electronic Money Institution:

  • EU — E-Money Directive & PSD frameworks (European Commission / EUR-Lex)

  • EBA — Guidelines and Q&As for payment/e-money institutions

  • UK FCA — E-money & payment services guidance (PERG/EMRs/PSRs)

  • Central Bank of Ireland — E-Money Institution authorisation

  • Bank of Lithuania — EMI licensing and supervision