Deposit

Deep dives into deposit (pay-in) flows for high-risk merchants. We cover:

Payment types

• Cards: auth→capture, AVS/CVV2, 3DS2/SCA (frictionless vs challenge), network tokens, recurring/card-on-file.

• APMs / bank rails: SEPA/SEPA Instant, Faster Payments, RTP, Open Banking, UPI, Pix; e-wallets; cash vouchers (e.g., OXXO/boletos).

• Crypto: on-chain & Lightning/stablecoins via processors; instant conversion vs custody; refund/reversal logic.

Application patterns

• One-off purchase vs account funding (wallet top-ups) with balance controls.

• Escrow/hold & release for marketplaces or dispute windows; optional split payments.

• Free trial → subscription and MIT sequences (CIT with SCA then MIT).

• Bonus/loyalty mechanics and responsible-use checks (e.g., self-exclusion in iGaming).

Risk, routing & ops

• KYC/KYB tiers, KYT, sanctions/geofencing, device/behavior signals, velocity/limit ladders.

• Smart routing & cascading (BIN/issuer geo, product type), soft-decline retries with idempotency, failover to APMs.

• Descriptor clarity, refund policies, chargeback/friendly-fraud playbooks.

• Reconciliation & settlement: webhook design, file reports, T+ timings by rail.

KPIs

• Authorization rate, approval uplift by method/geo, time-to-funds, chargeback/dispute ratio, refund-before-dispute rate, payment cost per approved deposit.